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Endorsements

 A. Blanton Godfrey, Juran Institute, Inc.

 Eliyahu Goldratt, Avraham Y. Goldratt Institute

 John Hradesky, P.E., The National Summit Group, Inc.

 Dr. Michael CowplandCorel Corporation

Author information


Leading the Way to Competitive Excellence
The Harris Mountaintop Case Study

Leading the Way to Competitive Excellence
 
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      Order from ASQC Quality Press 800-248-1946 (414-272-8574, fax 414-272-1734)
      Item H0954. Member price, $31.00, list price, $35.00  ISBN 0-87389-376X )

      Experience the real story of Harris Semiconductor's Mountaintop plant as it went through a radical turnaround by adopting state-of-the-art quality management techniques.
      Understand the active role of management needed during reorganization, and learn the tactics that can eliminate tired paradigms.This book teaches principles, not recipes, and chapters focus on the programs and activities that, when used together, create the synergy needed to successfully transform an organization.

What does the mythical hero Hercules have to do with a modern book on competitive leadership? Alexander the Great chose Hercules as a role model, and Alexander was history's first paradigm buster. He succeeded by doing what everybody "knew" was impossible, and by finding innovative solutions to complex problems. We therefore choose Alexander, and his role model Hercules, as symbols of innovative, breakthrough thinking.

CONTENTS: (per original manuscript)

    Editor's Introduction
      Principles, not Recipes
      Quality Comes from Systems, not Isolated Programs
      Commitment to Quality Must Pervade the Organization
    Introduction
      Background
      Constraints
        Behavioral constraints
        Procedural constraints
        Logistical constraints
      Return to contents
         
    Paradigm BustersCulture as Foundation
      Introduction
      Historical Perspective
        Pressure from Overseas Labor
          Adaptability and Organizational Survival
        The Union and its Influence
          Proactive Union Leadership
        Mergers and Acquisitions: The Late 1980's
      Cultural Influences
        The RCA Influence
          Stories, Legends, and Organizational Behavior
          RCA's Culture and Employee Commitment
          Uncertainty and Insecurity
        The GE Influence
        The Harris Influence
          Harris' Assimilation of the GE/RCA Businesses
          Mountaintop's Culture, Empowerment, and Commitment
      Theory and Practice
          Sequential Stage Theory
          Recurring Phase Theory
        Mountaintop's Experience
        Strategic Beliefs in the Role of Insignificance
          Culture's Effect on the Change Process
        Initial Failure, and its Lessons
        The Process of Change
          Labor Relations and Change
          Customers and Community
      The Impact of Cultural Change (a Human Resource perspective)
        The Human Resource's Department's New Role
      Return to contents

      Teaming to Win

        Introduction
        Structure
          Quality by Design: Transition from Mechanistic to Organic Thinking
            Open, Flexible Culture
          The Mechanism for Change
            Roles and Responsibilities
            Role of the Team Member
            Role of the Team Leader
            Role of the Facilitator
            The Manufacturing Leader
            Source Matter Experts
          Boundary Conditions
        Steps in Forming a Team
          The Team Charter
          Customer Identification
          Goal Definition
          The Code of Conduct
          The Team Name
          The Team Leader
        Organizational Focus
        Team Development
          A Clear and Elevating Goal
          A Results-Driven Structure
            Shared Responsibility: The Star Concept
          Competent Team Members
          Unified Commitment
          A Collaborative Climate
          Standards of Excellence
          External Support and Recognition
            Variable Pay
          Principled Leadership
          Basic Team Structures
        Communication
          Improving Communication
        Fab 8 - Doing Whatever it Takes
          Training
          Team Formation
            Team Formation, Continued
            Summary: Fab 8
        Frequently Asked Questions
          Management Commitment: The Vital Ingredient
        Return to contents


      Customer Contact Teams: Improving Communications And Quality

        Introduction
          The CCT's Role in a Dynamic Competitive Environment
            The Role of the Front line Worker
            Porous Customer-Supplier Relationships
        Getting Ideas from Customers
        The Customer Contact Team
          Team Composition
            Team Preparation
          Team Visit to Customer A
            Customized Product Improvement
          Visits to Other Customers
            Experience to Date
        Why Does it Work?
        Obstacles Encountered Taylorism: Brains at the factory gate
        Motivational and Morale Benefits
        Conclusion
        Return to contents
      Zero Scrap Actions
        Introduction
        Mountaintop's Zero Scrap Program
          Effective Information
          Measurement / Pareto Chart
          Quick Fixes
          Communication and Visibility
          Reward and Recognition
          Support
          Results
          Conclusion
        Return to contents


      Total Productive Maintenance

        Introduction:
          Application of Cross-Functional Work Teams
        Getting Started
          Questions about TPM
            What is it?
            Who should do it?
            Effectiveness Measurements
          Elements of TPM
        OEE  ( Overall Equipment Effectiveness )
          TPM and OEE
          OEE: Example
          OEE and SFM/TOC
            OEE and Cost Accounting
          Automated Data Collection and OEE Calculations
            Hazards of Using the Wrong Metric
            Focus OEE on the Constraints
        5S-CANDO
            Clearing Up
            Arrangement
            Neatness
            Discipline
            Ongoing Improvement
            Summary: 5S-CANDO Principles
            Root Out Inefficiencies and Abnormalities
          5S-CANDO at Mountaintop
        Visual Control Systems
          Effectiveness of Communications
          Examples of Visual Controls
        Autonomous Maintenance
          Responsibilities for AM
            Benefits of AM
            Implementation of AM
            Implementation Activities
        Benefits of TPM
          Examples:
            Lam Etcher
            Ion Implanters
        Return to contents


      Synchronous Flow Manufacturing

        Introduction
        Basic Operational Metrics
          Theory of Constraints: Performance Metrics
            Throughput
            Inventory
            Operating Expense
          Cost World
            The Cost Model's Dangerous Deficiencies
          Throughput World
          Impact on Measurements
            Be Careful What You Wish, You Might Get It.
          Climate for Change
        Traditional Production Philosophy
          New Manufacturing Philosophy
            Physical Constraints
            Managerial and Procedural Constraints
            Identifying the Constraints
        Constraint Management
          Constraints and Managerial Economics
          How to Handle the Constraint
            "Push" versus "Pull" 
                (Pig-swallowing by pythons and boa constrictors is an example of the "push material into the production line" approach. Note the inventory bulge, or bubble. "Mama": photo courtesy of the Serpent's Den, Route 209, Milford, PA 18337, 717-296-5877)
          Drum-Buffer-Rope Manufacturing
            Idle Time: Good or Bad?
            The Constraint is the Keystone
            Buffers
            Buffer Management
        Employee Involvement and Education
          Change Management
            Communication and Change
            The Role of Training in Change
        Challenging Traditional Assumptions in Production
          Inventory
          Batching and Set-ups
            Small Batches and Customers
          Equipment and Labor Efficiencies
            Balanced Capacities and Other Mythical Entities
        Continuous Improvement
          Program Synergies
          Total Productive Maintenance and SFM
            TPM: Focus Organizational Resources on the Decisive Operation
        Market Constrained Environment
          Dysfunctional Reactions to Market Constraints
          Operation in a Market-Constrained Environment
        Project Management
        Return to contents
Java Script simulation of the matchstick-and-dice experiment in Goldratt and Cox, The Goal.
      ISO 9000 and QS-9000        also see our new book (May 2000): 
        Roadmap to ISO 9000 Certification
          The Decision
          Picking A Registrar
            QS-9000's Influence on Registrar Selection
          Team Approach
          Establish Timing and Goals
          The Internal Audit
          Keep It Simple
          The Pre-Assessment
          Final Preparation
          The Certification Assessment
          Just the Beginning
        QS-9000: The Next Step
          The Automotive Companies Develop a Common Quality System
          QS-9000 Includes the Entire Flow
          Additional Emphasis
          Additional Tools and Systems
            FMEA (Failure Modes Effects Analysis)
            PPAP (Production Part Approval)
            Control Plan
            Statistical Process Control
          Continuous Improvement
          Certification Process
          Mountaintop Prepares for Compliance Audit
            Design
            Marketing
            Manufacturing
          The Benefits
        Calibration
          Calibration and Quality
          Calibration Program: Goals
            Calibration and Capability
          The Calibration Laboratory and Environmental Controls
          Calibration and Standards
          Calibration Schedules
          Traceability of the Instrument Chain
            National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
          Correlation
          Calibration: The Rules
            Evolution of Standards
          The Practice
            Attitudes toward Calibration
            Calibration and Quality
            Calibration and Customer Satisfaction
          The Real Life Story: Calibration at Harris
        Return to contents


      Integrated Yield Management

        Introduction
        Yield, Throughput Yield And Pipeline Yield
          Pipeline Yields in Multistep Processes
            Wafer Manufacturing Process
            Yields in Multistep Processes
            Example: TPY in a Multistep Process
          Management Information Systems and IYM
          Short And Long Loop Vehicles
        IYM Tools
          Level Limited Yield
          Defect Density Metric
          Failure Analysis
            AI Wafer Mapping
            IYM Software
            Statistical Bin Analysis
            Process Average Testing
            Liquid Crystal Analysis
            Chemical Delayering
            Cross Section Analysis
            Time Slide Analysis
          Tencor 7600 Particle Monitor
          Test Element Groups
        Conclusion
        Return to contents


      Statistical Methods

        Key Issues
        Hypothesis Testing
          Common Misunderstandings and Misconceptions
          Null and Alternative Hypothesis
          Significance Level in Hypothesis Testing
            Pictures and Diagrams for Statistical Training
          Type II risk and Power in Hypothesis Testing
        Design of Experiments
          Design of Experiments: Benefits
            Interactions
          Probabilistic versus Deterministic Systems
            Multiple Trials versus Single Trials
          Why Don't More People Use Statistical Methods?
          Design of Experiments: Overview
            Design and Response Variables
            The Linear Model
            Attributes and Variables
        Statistical Process Control
          Feedback Process Control
          Variation and Accuracy
          Requirements for Successful SPC
          Multiple Attribute Control Charts
        Real-World Statistics
          Batch Processes and Nested Variation
          Nonnormal Systems
        Useful References
        Return to contents


      The Internet

        Rapid Technological Change: A Perspective
        The Internet as a Crisis: Danger and Opportunity
          Organizations Must Anticipate Change and Adapt to it
        The Internet: The Third Major Advance in Communications
          The Gutenberg Press: Mass Production of Books
          The Telegraph: Instant Point to Point Communications
          The Internet: Instantaneous and Interactive Mass Communication
        Implications for National and International Politics
          The Internet and Freedom
          Politicians are Still Getting On Board
        Implications in Business
          Intranets
            The Intranet at Harris
          Retailers: Pay Attention (Anyone Want a Used Shopping Mall?)
           
          Trend, Internet retail sales   "Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin." The handwriting is on the wall. Your market share may indeed be divided, and given unto the Medes, Persians, and anyone else with an Internet presence. Data are from Jared Sandberg, "Making the Sale," The Wall Street Journal, 6/17/96, page R6. In 1995, retail sales via the Internet were $350 million, or 0.021% of the total ($1.7 trillion) in the U.S. retail industry. The solid points in the figure are the article's projections for on-line shopping revenue through 2000. While extrapolation is always dangerous, the Net will play a decisive marketing and sales role in the next century. 
          International Conferencing: From Your Home or Office
          International Sightseeing Tours for $100 (or less)
          The End of the City?
        Internet Resources
          Standards and Regulations
          Professional Organizations
        Company Visibility
          Advertising Effectiveness
        Harris Semiconductor's Web Sites
          Creating a Web Site
            Viewing HTML Source Codes
            Background Color
        Publishing Documents and Spreadsheets
        Previewing Your Web Page
        Advanced Features
          Adding a Web Site to Search Engines
        Return to contents


      Bibliography

 Return to top

Endorsements
    "This book fills a big gap by giving specific examples of how a real company made numerous breakthroughs in quality management. People form all types of companies can learn much from this case study."
                            A. Blanton Godfrey
                            Chairman and CEO
                            Juran Institute, Inc.
                            11 River Road
                            Wilton, CT 06897


    "For the last thirty years industry has been bombarded with new management theories.  Each was quite revolutionary, each attracted followers, but in total they created the confusion that led to the phrase 'the program of the year.'"
    "While the inventors and their zealous disciples were forcefully arguing which theory was correct (or at least more powerful) some of them started to notice that these theories are not in conflict.  Actually they are parts of the same puzzle."
    "This book is the first that shows how to put them all together - in reality. Moreover, through the description of how it was done a new and very encouraging message emerges: implementing all facets of the new way to manage a plant is easier then implementing just one of them.  It is written by people who have implemented and enjoy the results and it clearly shows; in the depth of understanding, in the practical advice and in the resulting enthusiasm.  A great contribution to the know-how."
     


    "The breadth of the contents and examples provide the 'what' and 'how to's' which can be applied to any company to take it to the next level."
     

                            Jack Hradesky, P.E.
                            President and CEO
                            The National Summit Group, Inc.
                            15 Corporate Plaza, Suite 150
                            Newport Beach, CA 92660
                            714-760-8343
                            Author of Total Quality Management Handbook
                            (Order from ASQC Quality Press, P579, $74.50)
                            Also, Productivity and Quality Improvement (McGraw-Hill)


    "Marshall McLuhan once said, 'the media is the message.' The Internet chapter in Leading the Way to Competitive Excellence celebrates the free-flowing, global, and instantaneous nature of the Internet and its revolutionary effect on the delivery of news and business communications. Levinson has certainly expressed the emerging trends of corporate Internet use. It's as though he has put his finger on the pulse of an innovative company like Corel and penned what we perform on a daily basis."
     

 Return to top
Authors 

John L. Benjamin

ISO 9000 and QS-9000
John L. Benjamin is an Engineering Leader for the Process Development and Photo and Etch groups at the Harris Semiconductor facility in Mountaintop, Pennsylvania.  He has been at this facility for eight years.  Prior to this assignment, John was with the Semiconductor Division of the General Electric Company in various individual contributor and leadership roles.  John holds a Masters degree in Business Administration with a concentration in Operations Management from the University of Scranton and a  Bachelors degree in Materials Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.  John holds one patent and has co-authored six papers.  John is the Management Representative ISO 9002 at Mountaintop, and served in this position during the successful certification of the Mountaintop facility in 1994.

Roger A. Bishop

Culture as Foundation
Roger A. Bishop has been Manager of Human Resource Operations at the Harris Semiconductor facility in Mountaintop, Pennsylvania for the past ten years. Prior to this assignment, Roger held various Human Resource positions in General Electric and RCA facilities in New York, NY, Princeton, NJ, Boston, MA, Lancaster, PA and Vancouver, Washington. Roger holds a masters degree in Human Resource Administration from the University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania and a Bachelors degree in Advertising from Ferris State University. Roger is an adjunct faculty member of the University of Scranton Graduate School of Human Resource Administration. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Area Labor Management Council and the Tri-County Personnel Association.

Michael A. Caravaggio

Total Productive Maintenance
Michael A. Caravaggio, Engineering Leader , wafer probe, Calibration and Special Projects. He has a degree in Electrical Engineering Technology from Pennsylvania State University and has been involved with power discrete devices at the Mountaintop location since May 1961. He has held engineering and management assignments ,in equipment maintenance ,calibration ,equipment and process engineering ,and manufacturing with RCA, GE, and Harris Semiconductor at the Mountaintop location. He provides the leadership for several diverse engineering project teams and is Mtop's TPM Champion, providing the TPM emphasis for the plant.

Clinton A. Chamberlin

ISO 9000 and QS-9000
Clinton A. Chamberlin is the Manager of Quality and Reliability at the Mountaintop Facility, and has held various positions in the field of Quality and Reliability since joining the RCA in 1973. He pioneered the use of Statistical Process Control and real-time Product Reliability Monitoring at the Mountaintop plant.  Clint holds a Masters degree in Engineering Management from Syracuse University, and a Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from Bucknell University in Pennsylvania.

Robert C. Fitch, Jr

Integrated Yield Management
Robert C. Fitch, Jr. (Master of Science, Electrical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology) has been the Integrated Yield Management project leader at Harris Mountaintop since November, 1995.  Prior to employment with Harris, Bob was a reliability and quality assurance engineer with Motorola's Logic Division, Reliability and Quality Assurance Group, where his focus was on failure analysis of logic integrated circuits and developing advanced FA techniques such as emission microscopy and voltage contrast.  Before Motorola, Bob was an Air Force Officer for 11 years.  He spent three years on high power, microwave, gallium arsenide transistor development and technology transfer to industry.  He earned his Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University, and his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Louisiana Tech University.

Raymond T. Ford

Introduction
Raymond T. Ford has been Director of Plant Operations at the Harris Semiconductor facility in Mountaintop, Pennsylvania for the past four years.  Prior to this assignment Ray held various manufacturing positions for RCA, GE, and Harris at Palm Beach, Florida, Syracuse, New York, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.  Ray holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Wilkes University, Pennsylvania. 

Jeffrey E. Lauffer

Paradigm Busters
Jeffrey E. Lauffer, (BS Physics, Indiana University of Pennsylvania), has been involved with power discrete MOSFETs at the Mountaintop location since their inception during the late 70's. He has held increasing responsibility assignments in process engineering and management with RCA, GE, and Harris Semiconductor at this location. He was the wafer fab manager responsible for designing, building, ramping, and running the current 6" Power MOS fab from 1987 to 1991. Jeff is presently the engineering manager for the 4 manufacturing wafer fabs (4", 5", 6" and 8") and epi area at the Harris Mountaintop plant.

William A. Levinson

Paradigm Busters, 
Statistical Methods, The Internet
William A. Levinson is a staff engineer and industrial statistician at Harris Semiconductor's plant in Mountaintop, PA. He is author of  The Way of Strategy  (1994, ASQC Quality Press) and of Levinson and Tumbelty,  SPC Essentials and Productivity Improvement: A Manufacturing Approach  (1997, ASQC Quality Press). A graduate of the Pennsylvania State University, he holds master's degrees in engineering, business administration, and applied statistics from Cornell University and Union College. He holds ASQC certifications in quality engineering, reliability engineering, quality management, and quality auditing. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Pennsylvania.

Robert F. Longenberger

ISO 9000 and QS-9000
Robert Longenberger has been involved in power semiconductor operations since the early 1970s with RCA Solid State Division, GE Solid State, and now Harris Semiconductor at the Mountaintop, Pennsylvania, facility.  His current position entails the operational and engineering responsibility for the Calibration Laboratory in addition to manufacturing support for the 4, 5, 6, and 8 inch wafer fabrication areas.  He is a Summa Cum Laude graduate of Luzerne County Community College (Pennsylvania) earning an Associate of Science degree in electronics.

Robert E. Murphy

Synchronous Flow Manufacturing
Robert E. Murphy, Jr. has been Manager of Manufacturing at the Harris Semiconductor facility in Mountaintop, Pennsylvania for the past six years. Prior to this assignment, Bob has held various manufacturing positions in Harris facilities in Palm Bay, Florida and Poughkeepsie, New York. Bob holds a masters degree in organizational management from College Misericordia, Pennsylvania and a Bachelors degree in business administration from Florida Institute of Technology. Bob has attended the Avraham R. Goldratt Institute and has earned the title "Jonah". Bob is currently leading efforts within Harris Semiconductor in the use of "Theory of Constraints" and "Synchronous Flow Management" applications.

Allen L. Sands

Customer Contact Teams: Improving Communications and Quality, and 
Zero Scrap Actions 
Allen L. Sands (BS - Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University), has been manager of world-wide Power Product Engineering, Quality & Reliability, and HiRel Operations for the past 5 years. Prior to this assignment, Mr. Sands has held various engineering and management positions with RCA, GE, and Harris Semiconductors in design, quality/reliability, product engineering, process development, and wafer fab. Mr. Sands has been the recipient of various achievement awards and has is a holder of the 'Jonah' certification in TOC from the Avraham R. Goldratt Institute.

Puneet Saxena

Synchronous Flow Manufacturing 
Puneet Saxena has been a Manufacturing Analyst with Harris Semiconductor for the past four years. Currently, he is responsible for managing production in Mountaintop's 4-inch wafer fab and epitaxial growth areas and is actively involved with the training and implementation of Synchronous Flow Manufacturing and the Theory of Constraints. Puneet is a certified Jonah and a TOC Production Application Licensee from the Avraham Goldratt Institute in New Haven, Connecticut. He has been appointed as Harris Corporation's Best Practice Expert for capacity modeling in semiconductor fabrication and probe facilities. Puneet holds a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur, India. He also holds an MS degree in Mechanical Engineering and an MBA with a concentration in Operations & Logistics management from the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio.

Stephen E. Tetlak

Integrated Yield Management
Stephen E. Tetlak ( Current enrolled M.S. Electrical Engineering, Wilkes University; B.S. Electrical Engineering Technology, Penn State University ) is a Yield enhancement Engineer in the Integrated Yield Management Group at Harris Semiconductor since Sept 1994. Current Position entails Systematic Failure Analysis, Yield Analysis, Yield partitioning, of both Short Loop and Long Loop Yield Detractors used to drive Defect Density Reduction of manufacturing facilities Fab 5, 6, and 8.

Martin L. Wentz

Teaming to Win 
Martin L. Wentz, (B.S. Business Administration, Wilkes University; A.A.S. Electrical Engineering Technology, Luzerne County Community College) has been with Harris since 1986.  Starting as a senior production supervisor, he has held positions of increasing responsibility, including an assignment at SEMATECH (Austin, TX) as technology transfer manager. He is currently manager of training and organizational development for the Mountaintop plant.  Martin has been actively involved in team development for most of his career and has published several technical articles on the subject.


Standing, left to right: Al Sands, Ray Ford, Stephen Tetlak, Jeff Lauffer, Marty Wentz, Bob Murphy, Bob Fitch, Puneet Saxena, Bill Levinson, Roger Bishop. Seated, left to right: Clint Chamberlin, Mike Caravaggio, Bob Longenberger, John Benjamin
On table (center): Velociraptor dinosaur, mascot for Mountaintop's 8-inch (200 mm) semiconductor plant

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